“Liu Manqing’s forefathers were of Han ethnicity,who traveled to Tibet with an ambassador in the time of the mid-Qing dynasty, then settled in Lhasa. Although she kept the surname of Han Chinese, she acted and spoke as though she were Tibetan”(A Mission to Xikang and Tibet—Ms. Liu Manqing).

Site of the former office of the Qing dynasty imperial resident in Tibet, where Liu Manqing’s father worked.

Liu Manqing’s parents followed Islam. The image shows the Hebalin Mosque in Lhasa.