In 1912, Yuan Shikai, temporary president of the Republic of China, commanded the Western Expedition, and the Sichuan and Chongqing troops won one battle after another. On August 7, the British Ambassador to China, John Newell Jordan, rushed to submit a memorandum to China on five issues relating to Tibet, with an eye to denying China’s sovereignty over Tibet and to prevent the Government of the Republic of China from sending troops to the Sichuan border to suppress rioters and enter Tibet.

Source：On the “Shimla Conference”—Analysis of the Legal Status of Tibet During the Republic of China Period, China Tibetology Press, 2014